阿里卡和帕里纳科塔大区的新克罗文化聚落与木乃伊

遗产地由3个区域组成：位于阿里卡市区的阿里卡山北坡、哥伦布10遗址，以及城南100公里处的农村环境中的卡马罗内斯河入海口。它们共同见证了约公元前5450年至前890年的海洋狩猎采集者文化，这些人居住在智利最北端阿塔卡马沙漠干旱且环境恶劣的北岸。在该遗址发现了已知的最古老的人工木乃伊化尸体的考古证据，墓地中既有人工木乃伊化的尸体，也有由于环境条件而保存下来的尸体。随着时间的推移，新克罗人完善了其复杂的殡葬习俗，他们系统地肢解和重组了各个社会阶层的亡者的身体，以创造“人造”木乃伊。这些木乃伊的材质、结构和审美特质被认为反映了先人在新克罗社会中的重要地位。在该遗迹中还发现了用矿物和植物材料制成的工具，以及用骨头和贝壳制成的简单器械，这些器具使得新克罗人能够大量开发海洋资源。亦是新克罗文化复杂精神信仰的独特见证。

The property consists of three components: Faldeo Norte del Morro de Arica, Colón 10, both in the city of Arica, and Desembocadura de Camarones, in a rural environment some 100km further south. Together they bear testimony to a culture of marine hunter-gatherers who resided in the arid and hostile northern coast of the Atacama Desert in northernmost Chile from approximately 5450 BCE to 890 BCE. The property presents the oldest known archaeological evidence of the artificial mummification of bodies with cemeteries that contain both artificially mummified bodies and some that were preserved due to environmental conditions. Over time, the Chinchorro perfected complex mortuary practices, whereby they systematically dismembered and reassembled bodies of deceased men, women and children of the entire social spectrum to create “artificial” mummies. These mummies possess material, sculptural, and aesthetic qualities that are presumed to reflect the fundamental role of the dead in Chinchorro society. Tools made of mineral and plant materials as well as simple instruments made of bone and shells that enabled an intensive exploitation of marine resources, have been found in the property which bears a unique testimony to the complex spirituality of the Chinchorro culture.

文化遗产


国别	智利 Chile
中文名称	阿里卡和帕里纳科塔大区的新克罗文化聚落与木乃伊
英文名称	Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region
遗产类别	文化遗产
登录年份	2021
选入标准	(iii)(v)