The Chinese zither, called guqin, has existed for over 3,000 years and represents China’s foremost solo musical instrument tradition. Described in early literary sources and corroborated by archaeological finds, this ancient instrument is inseparable from Chinese intellectual history. Guqin playing developed as an elite art form, practised by noblemen and scholars in intimate settings, and was therefore never intended for public performance. Furthermore, the guqin was one of the four arts – along with calligraphy, painting and an ancient form of chess – that Chinese scholars were expected to master. According to tradition, twenty years of training were required to attain proficiency. The guqin has seven strings and thirteen marked pitch positions. By attaching the strings in ten different ways, players can obtain a range of four octaves. The three basic playing techniques are known as san (open string), an (stopped string) and fan (harmonics). San is played with the right hand and involves plucking open strings individually or in groups to produce strong and clear sounds for important notes. To play fan, the fingers of the left hand touch the string lightly at positions determined by the inlaid markers, and the right hand plucks, producing a light floating overtone. An is also played with both hands: while the right hand plucks, a left-hand finger presses the string firmly and may slide to other notes or create a variety of ornaments and vibratos. Nowadays, there are fewer than one thousand well-trained guqin players and perhaps no more than fifty surviving masters. The original repertory of several thousand compositions has drastically dwindled to a mere hundred works that are regularly performed today.
国别 | 中国 China |
---|---|
中文名称 | 古琴艺术 |
英文名称 | Guqin and its music |
登录年份 | 2008 |
丝竹,是我国民间器乐的别称,以笛、笙、二胡、三弦、琴、萧等为主要乐器。东晋著名的政治家谢安,做官之前曾在东山(今浙江上虞县南)隐居。朝廷几次召用,他都不去就职,只是成天游山玩水。每次游玩,他都要命从人带上乐器,走到哪里,音乐丝竹之声就响到哪里
故宫收藏的唐琴“大圣遗音”,而背景画面为后人纪念伯牙与子期当年相遇的地方,湖北武汉汉阳月湖侧畔修建的古琴台
明代仇英《携琴听松图》,其中文人右侧童子携琴而立
明代沈周《蕉阴琴思图》,文人拥琴凝坐
童子抱琴,琴囊为粉红色
宋人十八学士图·琴:桌下方左侧童子正在凳上解开琴囊,准备为主人取琴而奏
最右侧邮票:仕女正在朝斜后方解开琴囊
人物背后地上的书函旁置放有一张古琴
最右下邮票:乐队右下角有一人正在弹琴
发行国家/地区:澳门 Macau
发行国家/地区:中国澳门 Macau
《听琴图》局部:两文士聆听琴音