====== 贝希斯敦 ======
比索顿位于连接伊朗高原和美索不达米亚的古商路上，拥有从史前时期到米堤亚(Median)、阿契美尼德(Achaemenid)、萨桑(Sassanian)、伊卡哈尼德(Ilkhanid)时代的遗迹。这一处考古遗迹中最主要的纪念物就是公元前521年大流士一世 (Darius I) 为纪念其执掌波斯王朝而下令建造的有浅浮雕和楔形文字铭文的纪念碑。大流士的浅浮雕雕像展现出统治者的姿态，手持弓箭，脚踏仰卧在他面前的一个人的胸部。传说那个被大流士踩在脚下的人叫高墨达(Gaumata)，是一个米堤亚巫师。他觊觎王位而行刺却使大流士掌握了权力。在浅浮雕下面和四周有1200行铭文，记载了公元前521年至520年大流士与那些试图分裂帝国(由塞勒斯建立)的各统治者交战的历史。铭文用三种文字写成。最古老的是埃兰语文本，讲述了关于国王和反叛者的传说。其后是巴比伦版的类似传说。铭文的最后一部分非常重要，这是大流士第一次用古波斯语言记录他的丰功伟绩，也是已发现的唯一一份能够证明大流士重建了帝国的重要阿契美尼德文本。它还体现了波斯帝国地区在纪念性艺术与文学发展方面的相互影响。这里还有米堤亚（公元前8世纪到公元前7世纪）、阿契美尼德（公元前6世纪到公元前4世纪）及后阿契美尼德时期的遗迹。

Bisotun is located along the ancient trade route linking the Iranian high plateau with Mesopotamia and features remains from the prehistoric times to the Median, Achaemenid, Sassanian, and Ilkhanid periods. The principal monument of this archaeological site is the bas-relief and cuneiform inscription ordered by Darius I, The Great, when he rose to the throne of the Persian Empire, 521 BC. The bas-relief portrays Darius holding a bow, as a sign of sovereignty, and treading on the chest of a figure who lies on his back before him. According to legend, the figure represents Gaumata, the Median Magus and pretender to the throne whose assassination led to Darius’s rise to power. Below and around the bas-reliefs, there are ca. 1,200 lines of inscriptions telling the story of the battles Darius waged in 521-520 BC against the governors who attempted to take apart the Empire founded by Cyrus. The inscription is written in three languages. The oldest is an Elamite text referring to legends describing the king and the rebellions. This is followed by a Babylonian version of similar legends. The last phase of the inscription is particularly important, as it is here that Darius introduced for the first time the Old Persian version of his res gestae (things done). This is the only known monumental text of the Achaemenids to document the re-establishment of the Empire by Darius I. It also bears witness to the interchange of influences in the development of monumental art and writing in the region of the Persian Empire. There are also remains from the Median period (8th to 7th centuries B.C.) as well as from the Achaemenid (6th to 4th centuries B.C.) and post-Achaemenid periods.
{{tag>文化遗产}}
^{{:亚洲和太平洋地区:伊朗:贝希斯敦:20180504-130539.png}}^^
|国别|{{:images:flag:flag_of_iran.svg?30|}}[[http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ir|伊朗 Iran (Islamic Republic of)]]|
^中文名称|[[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1222|贝希斯敦]]|
^英文名称|[[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1222|Bisotun]]|
^遗产类别|文化遗产|
^登录年份|2006|
^选入标准|[[http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/|(ii)(iii)]]|

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