净琉璃文乐木偶戏

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====== 净琉璃文乐木偶戏 ======
Ranking with Nô and Kabuki as one of Japan’s foremost stage arts, the Ningyo Johruri Bunraku puppet theatre is a blend of sung narrative, instrumental accompaniment and puppet drama. This theatrical form emerged during the early Edo period (ca. 1600) when puppetry was coupled with Johruri, a popular fifteenth-century narrative genre. The plots related in this new form of puppet theatre derived from two principal sources: historical plays set in feudal times (Jidaimono) and contemporary dramas exploring the conflict between affairs of the heart and social obligation (Sewamono). Ningyo Johruri had adopted its characteristic staging style by the mid eighteenth century. Three puppeteers, visible to the audience, manipulate large articulated puppets on the stage behind a waist high screen. From a projecting elevated platform (yuka), the narrator (tayu) recounts the action while a musician provides musical accompaniment on the three-stringed spike lute (shamisen). The tayu plays all the characters, both male and female, and uses different voices and intonations to suit each role and situation. Although the tayu “reads” from a scripted text, there is ample room for improvisation. The three puppeteers must carefully co-ordinate their movements to ensure that the puppet’s gestures and attitudes appear realistic. The puppets, replete with elaborate costumes and individualized facial expressions, are handcrafted by master puppet makers. The genre acquired its present full name Ningyo Johruri Bunraku – in the late nineteenth century, a period in which the Bunrakuza was a leading theatre. Today, the pre-eminent venue is the National Bunraku Theatre in Osaka, but its highly reputed troupe also performs in Tokyo and regional theatres. Approximately 160 works out of the 700 plays written during the Edo period have remained in today’s repertory. Performances, once lasting the entire day, have been shortened from the original six to two or three acts. Ningyo Johruri Bunraku was designated Important Intangible Cultural Property in 1955. Nowadays, it attracts numerous young performers, and the aesthetic qualities and dramatic content of the plays continue to appeal to modern audiences.
{{tag>非物质文化遗产}}

^{{:非遗:亚洲和太平洋地区:日本:净琉璃文乐木偶戏:20180713-120618.png}}^^
^国别|{{:images:flag:flag_of_japan.svg?30|}} 日本 Japan|
^中文名称|[[https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ningyo-johruri-bunraku-puppet-theatre-00064|净琉璃文乐木偶戏]]|
^英文名称|[[https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ningyo-johruri-bunraku-puppet-theatre-00064|Ningyo Johruri Bunraku puppet theatre]]|
^登录年份|2008|

===== 遗产详细介绍 =====

===== 遗产图片 =====
{{:非遗:亚洲和太平洋地区:日本:净琉璃文乐木偶戏:20180713-120651.png}}{{:非遗:亚洲和太平洋地区:日本:净琉璃文乐木偶戏:20180713-120833.png}}
===== 遗产邮票 =====
==== 主要邮票 ====
发行国家/地区：日本 Japan

|[{{:民俗:亚洲:日本:jp196603.jpg|文乐}}]|
^1966 日本 国立剧场开幕 (3-3)^

|[{{:民俗:亚洲:日本:jp197201.jpg|《熊谷阵屋》}}]|[{{:民俗:亚洲:日本:jp197202.jpg|《野崎村》}}]|[{{:民俗:亚洲:日本:jp197203.jpg|《阿波的鸣户》}}]|
^1972 日本 古典戏剧系列第3集：文乐 (3全)^^^

|[{{:风光:亚洲:日本:jp201073.jpg|淡路人形浄瑠璃}}]|

|[{{:风光:亚洲:日本:jp201077.jpg|边纸：（上）淡路人形浄瑠璃}}]|
^2010 日本 旅行的风景 第10集 濑户内海3 (10-5,6,边纸)^