开城历史建筑与遗迹

Situated in Kaesong city, in the south of the country, the site consists of 12 separate components, which together testify to the history and culture of the Koryo Dynasty from the 10th to 14th centuries. The geomantic layout of the former capital city of Kaesong, its palaces, institutions and tomb complex, defensive walls and gates embody the political, cultural, philosophical and spiritual values of a crucial era in the region’s history. The monuments inscribed also include an astronomical and meteorological observatory, two schools (including one dedicated to educating national officials) and commemorative steles. The site testifies to the transition from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism in East Asia and to the assimilation of the cultural spiritual and political values of the states that existed prior to Korea’s unification under the Koryo Dynasty. The integration of Buddhist, Confucian, Taoist and geomantic concepts is manifest in the planning of the site and the architecture of its monuments.

国别	朝鲜 Democratic People's Republic of Korea
中文名称	开城历史建筑与遗迹
英文名称	Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong
遗产类别	文化遗产
登录年份	2013
选入标准	(ii)(iii)

遗产范围包括：​

- Manwoldae

- Kaesong Chomsongdae

- Kaesong Walls

- Kaesong Namdae Gate

- Koryo Songgyungwan

- Sungyang Sowon

- Sonjuk Bridge & Phyochung Monuments

- Mausoleum of King Wang Kon

开城曾在500年间是高丽(918-1392年)的首都。开城南大门位于开城市北安洞，始建于1391年，1393年竣工，在公元1900年进行了改建，1950年12月被美军烧毁，于1954年按照原貌重建。 南大门原来是“开城内城”的“南门”，由花岗石砌成的正方形平面筑台和其上面的门楼组成，筑台中间有拱门，上面有各种洞口，以便打击敌人，四角有排雨水设施。门楼正面三间、侧面两间，支柱是石木结构。斗拱突出高丽晚期的质朴特点采用多斗拱形式，屋顶采用歇山式，屋脊、人字板、屋檐和顶面形成一个美丽的曲线。飞檐与坚固的建筑和谐，显得轻盈，显示朝鲜古建筑的建筑美。朝鲜三大名钟之一的演福寺钟挂在开城南大门门楼上，造于1346年。1563年演福寺被烧以后移至此处。钟口直径为1.9米，高3.3米，厚23厘米，重14吨。以中间的线分为上下两个部分，上面刻有很多佛像、花纹和文字。这个钟的钟口周边是水纹模样的曲线，沿着水纹刻有鱼、龙、凤凰、长颈鹿、螃蟹等动物，上面还铸有钟的年代和来历。